<p>The William J. and Lovila  Moore House is a single family house located at 123 North Almer Street in Caro, Michigan. It was built in 1868, extensively renovated in the 1920s, and added to the National Register in 2024.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house at this location was originally constructed in. In 1914, William and Lovila Moore purchased the house. Moore owned a telephone exchange company, originally located in Sandusky, Michigan, but had moved to Caro in 1896. At the time they purchased the house, it was constructed in a Queen Anne style.</p><br>
<p>In 1923, the Moores began an extensive renovation of their Almer Street house, completely changing the appearance to the current Tudor Revival style. They also added a pool, tennis courts, and other conveniences. Lovila Moore lived inn the house until her death in 1937; William J. Moore lived in the house through his retirement in 1947 and until his death in 1955. After this, the couple&#39;s son Andrew Moore lived in the house. In 1967, Charles and Dorcus Vaughan bought the property from the Moores. The Vaughn family owned the property until 2017, and descendants of William J. and Lovila Moore lived in the house starting in 2021.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Moore House is a two-story Tudor Revival house is of frame construction, clad with wood shingles and stone veneer. If has an irregular L-shaped plan. The house has a distinctive, complex false thatched roofline with distinctive dormers on each side.</p><br>
<p>The house sits on a one-acre lot, which also contains a carriage house renovated in the same style, a swimming pool, a lotus pond, and a pump house. The lot is extensively landscaped with stone and concrete walkways, a rock garden, a concrete fountain, and other features.</p><br>
<p>The Capri Drive-In Theater is a drive-in theater located at 119 West Chicago Road in Batavia Township, Michigan . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2024.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1950s and 60s, the Chicago Road was a major thoroughfare. Seeing an opportunity, in 1963 John and Mary Magocs (owners of a Detroit-area wholesale electronics business) purchased an empty field and constructed a drive-in movie theater. The theater was designed to replicate the Holiday Drive-In in Trenton, Michigan, whose owners were personal friends of the Magocs. The construction was completed in 1964 and opened for business on August 21, 1964, as a 804-car, single screen theater. The theater was operated by John and Mary Magocs along with their sons Tom and John Jr.</p><br>
<p>In 1977, the Magocs moved to Florida and leased the theater to William Clarke. In 1980 Tom and John Jr. resumed operation of the theater. In 1986 a second screen was installed; over time both the sound and video operations were improved. As of 2023, the theater is still in operation and run by the Magocs family.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Capri Drive-In Theater sits on approximately 16 acres of land. The theater complex includes two screen towers (one original, one added in 1986), the concession stand and projection building, the parking area and driveway system, a fence, ticket booth and canopy, backstop and light screen. It also includes lighting and signage, including the main entrance sign, reconstructed in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Brownville–Summerville Historic District is a historic district in Phenix City, Alabama. The district covers approximately 87 acre of mostly residential area to the west and northwest of the citys commercial core. The earliest houses in the district date from circa 1870, and are either Greek Revival or Saddlebag cottages. Beginning in the 1880s, many Victorian cottages were built by employees at the towns cotton mills and iron works. In the 1920s and 1930s, bungalows continued to be built. Several commercial buildings, most brick and dating from the 1920s, are scattered throughout the district.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Fort No. 5 is a historic American Civil War fort in Phenix City, Alabama. It was built in 1863 as one of eight forts for the defense of Columbus, Georgia, which was a major producer of war materiel for the Confederacy. The pentagonal fort is 30 yard per side, with earthen walls. During the Battle of Columbus on April 16, 1865, the Confederate army was badly undermanned, and Fort No. 5 was left unoccupied as the Union Army captured Columbus.</p><br>
<p>The fort was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Old Girard High School was a historic building in Phenix City, Alabama. It was built in 1909 on the site of Girard&#39;s first school dating from 1867. At first it housed only an elementary school, but expanded in 1923 to include a high school. The school closed in 1970 and was merged into Central High School. The building was a two-story Neoclassical structure built of brick. The façade had a central, gabled three-bay projection with entrances on each side. Windows were two-over-two double-hung sashes. A rear wing was added around 1950.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 and was demolished in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Pomeroy Green is a housing complex in Santa Clara, California, USA, constructed in 1961 by the Mid-Century designer Joseph Eichler. The two-story complex has sixteen multifamily buildings, with a range of configurations per building. Pomeroy Green was registered on the National Register of Historic Places on March 24, 2021, for its role in the use of cluster development.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Pomeroy Green housing complex of 16 multifamily two-story townhouses, alongside a clubhouse. It is located on the northeastern intersection of Pomeroy Avenue and Benton Street, in Santa Clara, California. On July 7, 1961, the subdivision was announced in The Peninsula Times Tribune.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Eichler designed the community. Pomeroy Green is a resident-owned multi-family housing cooperative. Following its construction, Pomeroy West was built in 1963, by Eichler Homes on the opposite side of the street.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The buildings are designed to surround motor courts, parking lots, or communal spaces, and are constructed with concrete block, wood beams and stucco panels walls and include glass windows and sliding doors at both ends of each townhouse. Uniform in size, each townhouse within a building mirrors its adjacent neighbor. The clubhouse has a construction and style akin to the townhouses.</p><br>
<h2>Historical status</h2><br>
<p>Pomeroy Green was nominated to the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 2021. Pomeroy Green is historically significant for its implementation of cluster development in a Modern style.</p><br>
<p>The Hurtsboro Historic District is a historic district in Hurtsboro, Alabama. Hurtsboro was founded as Hurtsville in 1858 by Joel Hurt after the Mobile and Girard Railroad was built through western Russell County. The commercial core is centered along the railroad tracks; although all of the early frame commercial buildings were demolished by the 1960s, several 1890s–1920s buildings, including the 1890s Gin and Mill building and the circa 1910 Owens Mercantile block remain. The Greek Revival style Joel Hurt House is the oldest house in town. Although many of Hurtsboro&#39;s historic houses were destroyed in a 1981 tornado, a core of Greek Revival, Victorian, Bungalow, and Minimal Traditional houses remain.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The Kid Alley Residential Historic District is a historic district in Phenix City, Alabama. Located in the Girard section of the city, Kid Alley was developed in 1895 as a middle-class neighborhood of Victorian rental houses. Of the original 12 houses, seven remain, ranging from shotguns to large cottages, all with elaborate scrollwork. The area gained its name from the large amount of children in the neighborhood&#39;s young families.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Lower Twentieth Street Residential Historic District is a historic district in Phenix City, Alabama. The district is a four-block area of Victorian houses developed between 1875 and the 1920s, coinciding with the expansion of cotton mills in Phenix City and neighboring Columbus, Georgia. Some smaller shotgun houses were built, but most are larger, middle-class dwellings which have ornamental gingerbread and other elaborate trim.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The U. H. Smith Residential Historic District is a historic district in Phenix City, Alabama. The district consists of six late 19th century houses, centered on the house of U. H. Smith, who served as mayor of Phenix City from 1888 to 1891. The houses are primarily Victorian, some with Greek Revival details.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Womans Club of Mesa was a womens club in Mesa, Arizona. Their former clubhouse building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is now the Guild of the Vale.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The General Federation of Womens Clubs of Arizona was established in 1901 and the Womans Club of Mesa was founded in 1917 by 53 women. The group focused on social events, educational speakers, funding city parks, giving scholarships to students, and feeding hungry school children.</p><br>
<p>In 1923 after cotton prices crashed, the club and the city paid off the balance due on the property for Mesa&#39;s first hospital, preventing it from closure. Going forward, the club set aside time for "hospital sew days" where members would bring their sewing machines to the clubhouse and sew and create medical supplies.</p><br>
<p>A number of improvements were made to the clubhouse over the years. In 1931, the junior members raised money for hardwood flooring. In 1937, a swamp cooler was added which was replaced with central air conditioning in 1989. The year before, in 1988, a wheelchair ramp was installed.</p><br>
<p>In 1990 when the club became inactive, they donated their building to the General Federation of Women&#39;s Clubs of Arizona to serve as a headquarters. The building was subsequently sold to the Guild of the Vale, a for profit business running the facility as an event venue.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The 1931, Phoenix architect Henry C. Grote designed the clubhouse in a Spanish Colonial Revival style. Joseph Nesbitt, whose wife was a member of the club, was selected as the builder after submitting a very low quote of only $10,580. The one-story building is rectangular except for the kitchen in the rear.</p><br>
<p>The exterior of the building is painted white brick with a simple cornice detail running along the top of all the facades. Above each window is a Roman arch with articulated impost blocks and plain tympanum panels.</p><br>
<p>The most prominent architectural feature is a stucco turret with inlaid tiles in a diamond pattern. Under the turret, the main entrance which is surrounded by a corbel arch with brick columns topped with a bracket-like medallions. Above the door is a sign shaped like a banner and a semi-circular fanlight window. The roof of the turret has mission tiles made of terra cotta.</p><br>
<p>The interior is dominated by a large open hall with a stage but also includes a kitchen, restrooms, storage room, and a backstage area. The walls are lathe and plaster with coved ceilings. Arabesque plaster detailing flank the fireplace, stage, and entry room.</p><br>
<p>St. Paul Lutheran Church and Cemetery is a historic Lutheran church and adjoining cemetery located in Brule Township, rural Union County, South Dakota. It is located near Richland and about 5 mi northwest of Elk Point. First built in 1867, it was the first Norwegian Lutheran church in Dakota Territory. The cemetery dates to 1869 and the current church building was finished in 1922. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 20, 2018, for its historic, religious, and architectural significance.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The establishment of St. Paul Lutheran Church grew out of the first Lutheran movement in Dakota Territory. The first Lutheran minister, Abraham Jacobson, arrived from Iowa in 1861, and the first official district was established in 1863 as the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church of Dakota Territory. On August 12 of that year, 15 Norwegian settlers founded the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church by Brule Creek. The district was divided into three parishes in 1866; Brule Creek parish was renamed first to Evangelical Lutheran Church by Brule Creek, and then finally to St. Paul Evangelical Lutheran Congregation in Dakota</p><br>
<p>The church site was chosen during an expedition led by Kjel P. Ronne. Ronne and two other men set out from Vermillion and travelled north as far as Sioux Falls before turning back south. The site near the convergence of Brule Creek with the Missouri River was chosen due to its landmark location and proximity to a natural wood for timber.</p><br>
<p>The first church building sat on the east side of 475th Avenue. Construction on the log structure began in 1867 and concluded in 1868. In 1869, the cemetery was established around the building. Several former pastors of the church are buried there, and a monument to the first church site was erected in 1938. John N. Nesse, St. Paul&#39;s first pastor, built the first parsonage on his personal property between 1869 and 1870, about 0.75 mi south of the church site. By 1877, a new church building was being constructed where the current church now sits. The Lutheran parish was incorporated in 1878. The second church building was dedicated in 1881. The church itself built a new parsonage in 1891, which was replaced in 1947. All services were first conducted in Norwegian, with English being introduced later; Norwegian language services were discontinued in 1923.</p><br>
<p>The area&#39;s Lutheran congregation grew rapidly, and a second church building, the North St. Paul Church, had to be constructed to accommodate the parishioners. It was built in 1893 about 6 mi northeast of the main church, North St. Paul Church operated until 1932. St. Paul counted 450 parishioners in 1919, and by that time, it had again outgrown its two sites.</p><br>
<p>Peter Oliver Moe, a Norwegian-American architect from Minneapolis, was hired to design a new church building. Minneapolis-based contractor R. S. Billingsley was hired to oversee construction. Construction officially commenced on September 26, 1920, with the installment of the cornerstone, and was complete by July 1922. The total construction cost was $85,000; its pipe organ alone cost $5,000. August Klagstad, a Norwegian-born artist, painted the altar piece for the church; it is one of about 1,000 such pieces painted by Klagstad in Norwegian American churches.</p><br>
<p>The church purchased 158 acre of farmland to the south of the property in 1960, which is used to fundraise for the church. The church hosts an annual lutefisk dinner.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Church</h3><br>
<p>Moe incorporated elements of Late Gothic Revival, particularly Collegiate Gothic, architecture into his church design. It is two stories tall and constructed of brick. A raised basement sits underneath the church. Its front facade faces east, towards 475th Avenue, and contains two large towers on either corner, which both have entrance doors. Its roof is a steep-pitched gable constructed from sheet metal, topped with a parapet. The church contains several stained-glass windows original to the 1922 construction.</p><br>
<h3>Cemetery</h3><br>
<p>St. Paul Cemetery was established in 1869. Its wrought-iron and brick gate was built in 1930, and it is surrounded by a chain link and wire fence. There are about 25 rows of graves running from north to south, with a single east–west pathway bisecting the cemetery. A stone boulder near the gate contains a two plaques: one commemorating the site of the first church, and another listing the 1863 founding members.</p><br>
<h2>Pastors</h2><br>
<p>An incomplete list of former pastors of St. Paul Lutheran Church is as follows:</p><br>
<p>1868–1881: John Nesse, first resident pastor</p><br>
<p>1896–1918: R. J. Reinertsen, longest-serving pastor</p><br>
<p>1958–1959: Thomas A. Knudson (interim)</p><br>
<p>1973–1986: Arthur Erickson</p><br>
<p>Poverty Flat Site is a prehistoric village site in Morgan Hill, California, located in Henry W. Coe State Park. Poverty Flat Site was officially recognized and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1972.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Poverty Flat features five designated sites. Sites 1 through 4 are located on the north bank of the Middle Fork Coyote Creek, while site 5 is situated on the southern bank.</p><br>
<p>The Poverty Flat Site area spans 300 300 ft in length and 100 ft feet in width, with depths ranging from 2 ft to 5 ft. Comprising a significant deposit of dark gray ashy debris, it contains numerous fire-fractured rocks, human bone, as well as chips and flakes of obsidian mixed with chert. Situated near ample water sources and abundant food reserves at the canyon&#39;s base, it suggests the site served as a semi-permanent Costanoan Native American village.</p><br>
<p>The Snow Valley Residential Historic District is a historic district in Phenix City, Alabama. Located in the Girard section of the city, the land was originally owned by Bavarian immigrant farmer Henry C. Herman. Herman sold all but 2 acre of the land in 1883. With further subdivisions of the land through the 1910s, a total of twelve houses were built, ranging from shotgun houses to larger cottages, most in either Greek Revival or Victorian style.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Upper Twentieth Street Residential Historic District is a historic district in Phenix City, Alabama. The land was acquired in 1880 by Scottish mill worker and merchant John Baird from his father-in-law, S. M. Ingersoll. Baird gave his daughters two lots, and each built a house on them. Merchant M. E. Edwards also built a house in the 1900s. The lots were eventually subdivided and sold, and the three cottages were joined by shotgun houses and bungalows.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Russell County Courthouse at Seale is a historic building in Seale, Alabama. In 1866, Seale was chosen as the new seat of Russell County. The new courthouse was completed in 1869, and wings were added in 1908. After the merger of Girard and Phenix City in 1923, there was pressure to move the seat to the much larger, but not centrally located Phenix City. Phenix City became the seat in 1935, but the Seale courthouse remained in use as a branch until 1943. It was used for various civic functions through 1958, but became vacant and fell into disrepair until its renovation in the mid-1970s. Today it is again used for civic functions and a museum of natural history.</p><br>
<p>The two-story Neoclassical building is constructed of red brick. The façade has a full height portico, with Doric columns supporting the pediment. A small balcony is above the entrance. The windows have flat arches with keystones.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Editors Building, also known as the Kiplinger Building, is a hotel and former historic office building located in Washington, D.C. The ten-story structure was built between 1949 and 1950, and was originally constructed as the headquarters of the Kiplinger Washington Editors, a financial advice publishing firm based in the city. It was built by the D.C.-based architect Leon Chatelain Jr. and designed in the Stripped Classical style, featuring a mostly unornamented façade with significant vertical massing. W.M. Kiplinger, the businesss founder, was an avid collector of D.C.-area memorabilia, and he displayed his 7,000-piece collection in the Editors Buildings lobby, hallways, and offices.</p><br>
<p>The publishing agency kept its headquarters located in the building until selling it in 2011. The new owners kept the exterior intact while gutting the interior, and in 2013 it reopened as a Hampton Inn hotel. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Editors Building was constructed of a frame made of steel and concrete and faced with limestone. In general, the building conforms to the classical column–like structure of base, shaft, and capital that was common of tall office buildings of the early part of the 20th century, but differs from earlier examples in its more modern, less ornamented Stripped Classical design. It stands ten stories tall, and consists of a two-story base of five bays and an eight-story shaft with a seven-bay width. The base includes a central entrance which features recessed double doors made of bronze surrounded by an architrave of pink granite decorated with rosettes and topped with a frieze containing the engraved words "THE EDITORS BUILDING" in sans-serif capitals.</p><br>
<p>The buildings shaft is largely unornamented, with windows that are delineated vertically by the limestone walls and horizontally by spandrels made of pink granite. The result is one of emphasized verticality. In keeping with the designs muted style, the structures capital is merely an attic of seven windows with a fluted cornice. The buildings west-facing elevation consists of nine bays of windows set similarly to the front façade. The eastern side, however, was built with no windows as it was anticipated that later construction (what became the Matomic Operating Company building) would abut that elevation.</p><br>
<p>The buildings vestibule and lobby were built with walls and floors made of Tennessee gray marble. Elevators in the lobby provided access to the rest of the building, including W.M. Kiplingers office on the ninth floor, the publisher&#39;s envelope-addressing machinery on the fourth, and a small bowling alley located in the basement.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1920, W.M. Kiplinger, a former journalist for the Associated Press, formed the Kiplinger Washington Agency in an attempt to bridge the information gap between investors on Wall Street and legislators in the nation&#39;s capital. Three years later he started the Kiplinger Washington Letter, a periodical aimed at providing commercial interests with insight into the workings of the USA Treasury and Federal Reserve. Subscriptions to the Letter increased steadily through the 1930s as the periodical served as a means for American businesses to understand the legislation and policies of the New Deal.</p><br>
<p>The agency&#39;s headquarters were located in the National Press Building, but with more than 200 employees by the 1940s, the company needed larger accommodations. Kiplinger acquired a site in Lafayette Square and received a $1 million permit for construction. The company hired Leon Chatelain Jr., a local architect responsible for many residential, commercial, and church buildings in the area, to design the new structure.</p><br>
<p>Kiplinger had every person who worked on the structure put their signature on a large cloth which was later framed and hung in the building. Notable guests of the company, including Norman Rockwell, would later add their own signatures to the wall. Upon the buildings completion in October 1950, Kiplinger held a party for the sites 800 laborers and gave each a silver dollar.</p><br>
<p>Since the 1920s, Kiplinger had collected memorabilia related to the history of Washington, D.C. With a total of over 7,000 items, the collection was considered one of the largest of Washingtonia held privately. The agency occasionally made exhibits of the collection available for public view in the building.</p><br>
<p>The company&#39;s continued expansion necessitated the construction of a second building at the end of the 1950s, this one located in the suburbs of D.C. One hundred employees remained in the Editors Building, and while the company leased some space there to other businesses, the Kiplinger Agency remained the primary tenant at the site into the 21st century.</p><br>
<p>The new owners performed a major renovation in order to convert the building into a Hampton Inn hotel. Other than an awning added to the entrance, the structures exterior was kept largely intact, but the interior saw a near-complete overhaul. One area that was retained was Kiplingers former ninth-floor office. The walnut-paneled room with fireplace and mantel was turned into a penthouse suite. The wall containing the signatures of the buildings workforce and other guests was kept as well, and pieces of Kiplingers art collection were kept on display in the hotel. In 2015, the building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Rockwood Historic District is a historic residential area in the Rockwood neighborhood on the south side of Spokane, Washington. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1997 due to the concentration of historic homes within the district as well as its significance in the areas of architecture, landscape architecture, and community planning and development.</p><br>
<p>The district, which at the time of its listing on the NRHP contained 297 contributing buildings along with 71 non-contributing buildings,</p><br>
<p>Multiple architects were responsible for the design and construction of the numerous historic homes in the district, which reflect the Tudor Revival and Classical Revival styles as well as many other residential designs common to the first half of the 20th century. From 14th Avenue south, the Olmsted Brothers were responsible for the landscape design which incorporates curving streets, boulevards and parkways which contrast with the surrounding street grid.</p><br>
<h2>Setting</h2><br>
<p>Located in the Rockwood Neighborhood on Spokane&#39;s South Hill, the Rockwood Historic District follows Rockwood Boulevard from approximately 11th Avenue on the north as the boulevard winds its way along and up a steep basalt bluff. At around 21st Avenue Rockwood curves to the east and leaves the historic district, at that point Garfield Road continues up the final portion of the bluff and the historic district follows that road to 29th Avenue in the south.</p><br>
<p>Rockwood Boulevard enters the historic district at roughly 2,140 feet above sea level in the north. The elevation rises to approximately 2,340 feet at 29th Avenue on the southern boundary of the district. Rockwood Boulevards curved path largely follows along the lower side of a steep bluff which winds across the area. Early neighborhood developer Jay P. Graves choose to embrace the terrain rather than view it as an obstacle, and as a result many of the districts oldest and grandest homes sit atop or immediately below the steep bluff, which in some places is a vertical cliff.</p><br>
<p>From the northern end of the district to approximately 23rd Avenue, the terrain is quite hilly. From 23rd Avenue to the southern edge at 29th Avenue the elevation gain is much more gradual and the terrain is relatively flat compared to the northern portions of the district. Exposed basalt rock is common in the more rugged area north of 23rd Avenue, with less dramatic basalt outcroppings in the south along Rhyolite Road and Plateau Road. Many of the Ponderosa Pine and Douglas Fir trees in the area at the time of development were left in place and now form an extensive canopy over large portions of the historic district. Along the parkways and boulevards designed by the Olmsted Brothers, many species of Maple, Oak and Linden were planted in rows as shade trees.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The City of Spokane was formally incorporated in 1881 encompassing an area of 1.56 square miles that now comprises part of the downtown core. Part of what would become the Rockwood Historic District, specifically the area north of 14th Avenue and closest to the original city, was first incorporated into the city two years later in December 1883. The remainder of the current district was incorporated in April 1891.</p><br>
<p>Development of the area did not begin in earnest until around the turn of the century, when the northern portion of the district was replatted as part of the Rockwood Addition and Manito Park Second Addition in 1909. The first stage of major development lasted from 1908 through 1915 and the second took place between 1936 and 1942. During the first of those two periods, 64 homes were built with 21 in 1912 alone. During the latter period, 101 homes were built with a single-year high of 33 in 1939. Steady development also occurred between those two busier stages.</p><br>
<p>Some of the earliest and grandest homes in the district were built along the bluff above Rockwood Boulevard which offered views of the city and surrounding areas including a 24-room Tudor Revival home for businessman August Paulsen and a Mission Style home secluded behind a stucco wall for district investor Frank Graves. Around this time and surrounding these homes, numerous other large homes were built in the Tudor Revival, American Craftsman, American Foursquare and Colonial Revival styles between 1910 and 1914.</p><br>
<p>There are two notable non-residential properties in the district, Hutton Elementary School and The Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist. Hutton Elementary, located at the intersection of Plateau Road and 24th Ave was built in a Spanish Eclectic style in 1921, with additional additions designed to match the original style were added in 1949. Those additions were removed during an expansion and modernization effort completed in 2015, but the original 1921 structure was left and subsequently added to the Spokane Historic Register. Construction on the English Gothic-style Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist in the far northwest end of the district began in 1925 and was completed in 1929, though further additions including the cathedral&#39;s iconic tower which is visible from locations around the city, continued until 1954.</p><br>
<p>World War I slowed construction across the city, including in Rockwood, but picked up again after the war ended. In the decade which followed, over 70 homes were built in the district. It was in the years and decades which followed World War I that stonemason and architect John E. Anderson put his mark on the visual aesthetic of the neighborhood with the addition of Spanish Colonial-style homes. In the recovery from the Great Depression most of the remaining lots in the district were developed, with limited development occurring in the district in the decades since.</p><br>
<p>Of the 350 homes in the district at the time of its listing on the NRHP in, 285 were built prior to 1950. Most of the non-contributing properties in the district, built after 1950, are clustered around the area of Crest Road and Crest Hill Drive. The few vacant plots remaining have proven challenging to build upon due to terrain considerations.</p><br>
<h2>Historical images</h2><br>
<p>Rockwood Residence Scene.jpgIntersection of Highland Road, Upper Terrace, and Rockwood Boulevard circa 1910–1925</p><br>
<p>Rockwood Boulevard Postcard.jpgRockwood Boulevard looking south circa 1910–1925</p><br>
<p>Gibbs House Rockwood and Garfield.tifThe Gibbs House at Rockwood and Garfield in 1979</p><br>
<p>Ceres Bethel AME Church was built near Burkittsville, Maryland in 1870, for an African Methodist Episcopal Church  congregation. The wood frame church fell into disuse in 1984, but its cemetery continues in use. Located at the site of the Battle of South Mountain, it has been recognized as one of Maryland&#39;s most threatened historic places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the years before the American Civil War, there was a substantial population of African-American slaves and freemen in the area, working several large local farms, especially the Lee family holdings. There had been an AME church in the Burkittsville area since about 1838 or 1839. In 1858 the congregation&#39;s trustees bought a 1.25 acre parcel on the mountainside above Burkittsville for $16.50. A church is believed to have been erected on the site shortly after, and Daniel Ridout was assigned to the congregation, together with others on his circuit.</p><br>
<p>Ridout and his family lived at the base of the mountain. In 1862 the area was occupied by Confederate forces in the days leading up to the Battle of South Mountain, and the Ridout family was treated with both courtesy and disrespect by the soldiers. The battle was fought over the mountainside non September 14, 1862, and the Ridout family observed many dead soldiers from both sides. Following the Battle of Antietam two days later, the church was used as a hospital. Several Confederate dead were buried near the church, later to be re-interred in Hagerstown and Frederick.</p><br>
<p>Following emancipation, a small community grew on the mountainside near the church. In 1870 the present church was built, and the former church building was converted to a school. The school building has since disappeared.</p><br>
<p>The congregation dwindled in the middle of the 20th century. In 1984 the church closed, and the congregation moved to the AME church in Knoxville, Maryland. Preservation efforts came to naught, and the church deteriorated.</p><br>
<p>After its abandonment, the church has experienced vandalism from fans of the 1999 Blair Witch Project movie.The church was subsequently listed in 2011 as one of the eleven most endangered historic sites in Maryland, by Preservation Maryland</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The church is on a steeply sloping site on the east side of South Mountain at Crampton&#39;s Gap, above Burkittsville, Maryland. The building is a simple gable-front wood-framed structure with a single room, over a stone-foundation basement. It is approached by a south-facing stairway. Double front doors are flanked by six-over-six wood double-hung sash windows, with two arched fixed windows above. The original vertical wood siding is covered by diamond-pattern asphalt shingles. The side elevations are three bays, and at the rear there are two double-hung windows flanking a raised altar podium. A stair on the left of the altar gives access to the basement. The basement has two windows and a door on the east side, where the ground falls away.</p><br>
<p>A marble cornerstone is inscribed "CERES BETHEL A.M.E. CHURCH 1870. L. Benson. Pastor.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery contains at least 52 marked graves and an undetermined number of unmarked gravesites.</p><br>
<p>The church is boarded up and continues to deteriorate. Local preservation organizations have undertaken cleanups of the cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The church and graveyard preserve the memory of the African-American community in the area, which survived from the pre-Civil War era to the mid-20th century. The church and cemetery were placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 22, 2020.</p><br>
<p>The John R. Demarest House is located at 35 County Road in the borough of Demarest in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was built around 1775 to 1800 based on architectural evidence. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>According to the nomination form, the house was probably built by Roelef Demarest. His son John R. Demarest lived here with his with Margaret Cole. He operated a nearby woolen mill.</p><br>
<p>The Haring–Blauvelt–Demarest House is located at 525 Rivervale Road in the township of River Vale in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>According to the nomination form, the house was built before the American Revolutionary War based on a map by Robert Erskine. Cornelius Cornelius Haring lived here. His sons served in the British army. After the Baylor Massacre, the house was confiscated and sold to Henry Wisner. Garret Blauvelt bought it around 1783 or 1784. John J. Demarest purchased the house in 1853.</p><br>
<p>The Demarest–Hopper House is located at 21 Breakneck Road in the borough of Oakland in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>According to the nomination form, the house was built from 1790 to 1810 based on architectural evidence. P. R. Demarest lived here in 1861 and Henry A. Hopper in 1876.</p><br>
<p>The Demarest–Lyle House is located at 91 W. Clinton Avenue in the borough of Tenafly in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>According to the nomination form, the house was built by a member of the Demarest family in the early 19th century based on architectural evidence. Charles Newcomb made changes to the house during the 1860s. His son-in-law, John S. Lyle, bought the house in 1912.</p><br>
<p>The John Westervelt House is located at 29 The Parkway in the borough of Harrington Park in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 9, 1983, for its significance in architecture and exploration/settlement. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>According to the nomination form, the house was built before the American Revolutionary War based on a map by Robert Erskine. In 1779, John Westervelt owned 240 acre here. The house features a Flemish bond brick facade and has been substantially expanded. It was owned by George Ward in 1876 and associated with P. T. Barnum.</p><br>
<p>The Blauvelt House is located at 54 Tappan Road in the borough of Norwood in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 10, 1983, for its significance in architecture. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>Described as a lovely example of early Dutch craftsmanship by the nomination form, the house was likely built by a member of the Blauvelt family before the American Revolutionary War based on architectural evidence. The south side is constructed with bricks. It was owned by William Atwater in 1876. It was restored in 1930 by G. Semendinger.</p><br>
<p>Benezet House, also known as Benezette House, is an historic dormitory located on the campus of Penn Center. It was erected in 1905 and named after Frenchman, Anthony Benezet, who stood for freedom in the mid- and late-1870&#39;s. The female teachers and female boarding students of Penn School were housed here. The mandatory nightly chapel service held in the ground floor lobby was, however, open to both male and female students. This location was the focal point of home economics training for female students, each of whom were required to reside in Benezet before they graduated. Today, Benezet House is used to house overnight guests to Penn Center.</p><br>
<p>The former Saint Charles Catholic Mission Church is an historic building in Paw Paw, Morgan County, West Virginia. It was built in 1876 in a simple Gothic Revival architectural style. It is a rectangular one story woodframe building on a stone foundation. The building served as a place of worship for a small number of Catholic families until 1994.</p><br>
<p>Per an article in the June 20, 2023 edition of the Morgan Messenger, the firm Practical Preservation in 2021 conducted an historic property survey of Paw Paw, WV and completed a recommendation of eligibility report. The report noted the former Paw Paw Old Mayor&#39;s Office and Jail on Lee St., the former St. Charles Catholic Church, and the Paw Paw Train Depot were worthy of individual nominations to the National Register,</p><br>
<p>It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 28, 2024, and is the town&#39;s second entry on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Seven-Up Headquarters is a former office building in St. Louis, Missouri that originally served as the home office for the 7 Up company. The National Register of Historic Places listed the structure which has since been converted to the residential Uncola Lofts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Charles Leiper Grigg originally founded the 7 Up company and died in 1940 after which his son, Hamblett Charles Grigg, succeeded him. The company had been renting space in the Shell Building since 1943 but the younger Grigg commissioned Hugo K. Graf to design a prominent headquarters in St. Louis to raise the profile of what was then the third largest soft drink company. The Downtown West site for the building was already owned by 7 Up, as they had purchased a 1927 building to use as a warehouse in 1943. March-Jarvis Builders completed the new headquarters building in 1950.</p><br>
<p>By the mid-1960s, the company moved to a smaller headquarters in suburban Clayton, Missouri and then moved again to Dallas during the late 1970s. In the 1990s, the St. Louis Development Corporation leased the building to the Christian Board of Publication before its sale in 2003.</p><br>
<p>The building then had a residential conversion into 48 units, split between one- and two-bedroom apartments. The residences have been variously branded as the Crown Downtown, the Terrace Lofts, and now the Uncola Lofts.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Graf designed the three-story International Style office building in a U-shape that incorporates the original 1927 building. The exteriors curtain walls are limestone with a polished black granite base. The fenestration pattern consists of nine bays of windows spanning the width of the building. Cantilevered shields over the windows both help block the morning sun and further emphasize the horizontal lines.</p><br>
<p>The interior portions considered historic consist of the entrance lobby and second floor boardroom, both of which have wood paneling. The Associated General Contractors gave an award celebrating the building&#39;s architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Retreat House and Dock of Penn Center, formerly known as Penn School, was built in 1968, the year Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was killed. Plans were for him to have his meetings there rather than the smaller Gantt Cottage he had been staying at. It faces a body of water, a cove of Capers Creek, which is a place for meditation and relaxation for Penn Centers guests. The Retreat House replaced the Palmetto Cottage built in 1920 which was formerly located at this site but was destroyed by fire in the 1950’s. The Retreat House and Dock was however used by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s associates during the Charleston Hospital Strike of 1969.</p><br>
<p>The original Gantt Cottage located on the campus of Penn School, now known as Penn Center, was named after the ex-enslaved Hastings Gantt, who donated the original tract of land for Penn School to Laura Towne. It was destroyed by fire around 1940. The current house, built by students, is a replacement. Mr. Gantt was a businessman and politician. He served in the South Carolina Legislature as a representative from Beaufort during the Reconstruction period. During the 1960’s Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. stayed at Gantt. Penn Center was one of the few places in the south where bi-racial groups could meet. Planning for the great Civil Rights “March on Washington” took place here as well as the writing of the "I Have a Dream" speech.</p><br>
<p>The Coca-Cola Syrup Plant is a former industrial building in St. Louis, Missouri that made soft drink concentrate for the Coca-Cola company. The National Register of Historic Places listed the structure which has since been converted to the residential Temtor Lofts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Milton G. Clymer founded the Best-Clymer Manufacturing Company in 1913 to make preserves. In 1915 a major competitor, the Corn Products Refining Company, had to be broken up due to the Supreme Court finding that it was an illegal trust. In 1919, Clymer purchased assets from the trust and combined it with his earlier company to form the Temtor Fruit & Products Company. That larger company required a new factory, so Clymer hired his cousin, architect Harry G. Clymer, to design the building.</p><br>
<p>The factory was completed in 1920 with a spur from the nearby Missouri Pacific Railroad and located in the industrial Carondelet area of St. Louis. In 1928, Temtor encountered financial problems so the Preserves and Honey, Inc. purchased the facility and created a subsidiary called Michigan-Davis to run it. In turn, Michigan-Davis sold the factory to Coca-Cola in 1937 to convert it into a syrup plant.</p><br>
<p>Before then, the nearest syrup plant was in Chicago and company president Robert W. Woodruff wanted an additional source for the Midwest. Coca-Cola syrup plants are directly owned and controlled out of the headquarters in Atlanta to ensure the secret formula is not disclosed. In contrast, Coca-Cola bottling plants are relatively common independent franchisees who receive deliveries from a syrup plant. After five decades, Coca-Cola closed the plant in 1988.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, the building was converted into a mixed-use development called Temtor Lofts with 77 housing units. The project received brownfield grants for asbestos and lead abatement. A microbrewery and restaurant, Perennial Artisan Ales, moved into the first floor.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The four-story building is C-shaped with an industrial Art Deco architecture. The exterior walls are brick with bays created by piers with a fenestration pattern consisting of sets of three windows. The top of the walls has terra cotta coping with a small parapet. Above the front door is a transom window and the "Coca-Cola" logo etched into a limestone panel.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the building is dominated by concrete mushroom columns. The basement originally contained large tanks for syrup storage.</p><br>
<p>The Nettletons Addition Historic District is a historic residential district in the West Central neighborhood of Spokane, Washington. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 2006 because of the concentration of historic homes in one of Spokanes oldest residential neighborhoods and for its significance as an example of community planning and development and in the area of architecture. It is the largest national historic district in the state of Washington.</p><br>
<p>Located on a flat plateau surrounded on three sides by a bend in the Spokane River about a mile-and-a-half northwest of the center of Downtown Spokane, the areas proximity to the city center made it one of the first residential areas developed in Spokane. The neighborhood was platted in 1887 and largely developed by 1911. Architectural styles represented in the district include Queen Anne Revival, shingle style, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Bungalow, American Craftsman, as well as a dozen ranch-style homes which were built after 1937 and are not considered to be contributing properties to the historic district. At the time of its listing on the NRHP in 2006, Nettletons Addition consisted of 949 properties on 1002 parcels, of which 536 are considered to be historic contributing buildings. Notable architects who worked in the neighborhood include Kirtland Cutter and Karl Malmgren.</p><br>
<p>A working and middle-class neighborhood from the time of its development through to the present day, Nettletons Addition consists primarily of one-to-two story single-family homes built of wood. Nettletons Addition was laid out in a grid pattern with sidewalks on every street and alleys running east-to-west in the middle of each block. The only disruptions to this pattern come in the northern and southwestern edges of the district where the terrain drops off dramatically to the river and in one block in the northeastern portion of the district where the Holmes Elementary campus takes up the entire block.</p><br>
<h2>Setting</h2><br>
<p>Nettleton&#39;s Addition is located in the western portion of the West Central neighborhood of Spokane, about a mile-and-a-half northwest of the center of Downtown Spokane. The district is located on a flat plateau at approximately 1,880 feet above sea level. The Spokane River bends around the district to the south, west and north forming a deep gorge which falls off from the plateau more than 200 feet over a distance of less than one city block. The historic district is bounded by Summit Boulevard and Mission Avenue on the north, Chestnut Street on the east, Bridge Avenue on the south, and A Street and Summit Boulevard on the west.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood, like those which surround it, was platted on a grid system with east–west blocks roughly 600 feet long and the north–south blocks varying between 250 and 360 feet. Mid-block alleyways run through the middle of each block east-to-west. Streets in the area are 60 feet wide with sidewalks separated from the road by a planting strip. While surrounded by the river on three sides, the district is mostly inland from the river with the exception of two blocks in the north and one block in the south that overlook the river gorge.</p><br>
<p>To the south, beyond Bridge Avenue, is the Kendall Yards development which was built in the 2010s on the site of a former rail yard. This new development across the street from Nettleton&#39;s Addition has sparked fears that gentrification will come to the longtime working-class neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city of Spokane was first settled in 1873 and officially incorporated in 1881. What is now Nettletons Addition became one of the earliest residential areas in the city when it was platted as Nettletons First Addition and Nettletons Second Addition in 1887. The area was annexed into the city of Spokane in 1891. The earliest construction in the district began in 1880, but most of the development took place in the years immediately following the turn of the century. As Spokanes population boomed in the first decade of the 20th century, Nettleton&#39;s Addition saw high levels of development, with 724 of the 949 buildings still standing in 2006 constructed between 1900 and 1912.</p><br>
<p>Despite their proximity to the commercial center of Spokane, being roughly a mile-and-a-half from where the city was initially founded, Nettletons Addition, West Central and the broader area north of the river from the original settlement were initially considered quite remote. The Spokane Falls and the rivers gorge when extends downstream from there made crossing to the north bank difficult. Development was opened up in 1889 when a wooden precursor to the Monroe Street Bridge was built to span the river.</p><br>
<p>Developed as a streetcar suburb by William Nettleton along with his son and nephew, Nettletons Addition reflected many traits of suburban development of the day. With an influx of workers moving into the rapidly growing city, simple homes were built on pattern book designs to house the growing population. Streetcars connected the neighborhood to the downtown core and the rest of the city, as well as to a destination recreational park on the other side of the addition to help draw visitors and potential residents into the area. The park, located just west of Nettletons Addition along the Spokane River, was developed in 1892 and 1893 and would eventually become known as Natatorium Park for its indoor swimming pool facility.</p><br>
<p>The early history of development in Nettletons Addition, and the wider West Central neighborhood as a whole, is inextricably linked to the streetcar lines. The Washington Water Power company was founded in 1889 to manage the citys hydroelectric potential. The company also took over management of the citys streetcar network, which had initially been built by real estate developers. Many of those developers would end up on the board of directors at Washington Water Power, including the developer of the Twickenham Addition to the west of Nettletons Addition and across the river, the developer of Sherwood Addition immediately to the west of Nettletons Addition, and the owner of the Pettet Tract immediately to the north of Nettlettons Addition. These developers also sat on the board of a cable railway company which served the area as well. Spokanes streetcars were replaced with busses in 1936, but the tracks remain visible in the road in places around Nettletons Addition.</p><br>
<p>After the boom years of the first decade of the 20th century, development came to a virtual halt not only in Nettletons Addition but around the city as a whole. Spokanes population exploded from 36,000 in 1900 to 104,402 in 1910, but would only grow by 35 people between 1910 and 1920. This rapid decline in growth left some lots unoccupied in Nettleton&#39;s Addition until growth resumed again after World War II.</p><br>
<p>Though the area is mostly residential, it is also home to Doyles Ice Cream Parlor which has been in business in the neighborhood since 1939. Doyles is listed as a contributing property to the historic district.</p><br>
<p>The working-class neighborhood fell into decline by the early 1970s, when the rail yards immediately</p><br>
<p>south of the addition, in what is now the Kendall Yards development, were abandoned. Nettletons Addition and the wider West Central neighborhood became known as a run-down and crime-infested part of the city. The area became known as "Felony Flats" and the moniker stuck even into the 2010s as gentrification spurred by the construction of Kendall Yards began to encroach into the rest of West Central including Nettletons Addition.</p><br>
<p>The Ninth Avenue Historic District is a National Register of Historic Places  listed historic district located along and around Ninth Avenue in the Cliff/Cannon neighborhood of Spokane, Washington. It stretches from Monroe Street on the east to Chestnut Street on the west, running the length of Ninth Avenue and extending to include portions of Eighth, 10th and 11th Avenues, mostly in the western half of the district.</p><br>
<p>A residential area, the district was built to house many of early-Spokane&#39;s elite residents in grand Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Classical Revival, American Foursquare and Tudor Revival homes, along with numerous Bungalow homes for middle-class residents. The area was developed largely between 1892 and 1940, with limited modern incursions in the form of apartments having been built in the decades since. It retains its residential character to this day, though many of the large single-family homes have been converted into multi-unit dwellings.</p><br>
<p>Located roughly one mile from the heart of Downtown Spokane, the Ninth Avenue Historic District is an example of an early residential development in Spokane, free of commercial incursions. Notable architects including Kirtland Cutter, Willis Ritchie, Julius Zittel, Loren L. Rand, John K. Dow and Albert Held designed homes in the district.</p><br>
<p>In the present day, the area is part of the Cliff/Cannon neighborhood of Spokane, stretching from the historic Cannon&#39;s Addition in the west over to Monroe Street, a major arterial extending from the north side of Spokane through downtown and up onto the South Hill, in the east. It makes up part of what is now known as the "lower South Hill" for its location near the bottom of a hill which rises abruptly from the downtown area to the north. The terrain surrounding the Ninth Avenue Historic District falls off dramatically on the west to a valley containing Latah Creek, which marks a natural western boundary, and drops to the north to the valley of the Spokane River and Downtown Spokane in the north, while terrain rises to the west and south as one continues up into the South Hill residential area of Spokane.</p><br>
<h2>Setting</h2><br>
<p>The Ninth Avenue Historic District is located, as the name implies, mostly along Ninth Avenue in the Cliff/Cannon neighborhood on Spokane&#39;s South Hill. It stretches from Monroe Street on the east, an arterial which connects the district with residential areas to the south of the district, to Downtown and the north side of the city beyond, to Chestnut Street on the east where the South Hill falls off dramatically into the valley cut by Latah Creek and the Latah/Hangman neighborhood. The district also includes portions of Eighth Avenue between Monroe and Cedar Streets in the east and along Eighth Avenue between Elm and Chestnut Streets in the west, 10th Avenue between Cherry and Cannon Streets in the east, and 11th Avenue between Maple and Elm Streets in the east. Aside from Monroe Street on the west and the couplet of Maple and Walnut Streets in the middle of the district, which are each major north–south thoroughfares, the roads in the district can be described as residential side-streets.</p><br>
<p>The terrain within the district is mostly flat, though it trends higher as one heads east, but the surrounding terrain is considerably more varied. Immediately north of the district the elevation falls rapidly into the valley of the Spokane River and Downtown Spokane while the western edge of the district lies along a nearly 200 foot drop down to the valley of Latah Creek. Terrain gradually rises to the south and east, with a more dramatic rise in the east occurring just outside of the district beyond Monroe Street.</p><br>
<p>Platted on a grid layout, streets in the district are almost entirely uniform in a north–south and east–west manner, though this grid breaks down just beyond the fringes of the district to the west and east as the terrain changes. It is well connected to neighboring parts of Spokane including downtown to the north and the rest of Cliff/Cannon and the South Hill to the south.</p><br>
<p>The Ninth Avenue Historic District boasts a strong tree canopy of both planted deciduous street trees lining many of the area roads as well as trees planted or developed around on private property. Many properties contain vestige ponderosa pine or Douglas fir trees native to the area. The basalt rock outcroppings around which these trees once grew have largely been built over in the district, though vestiges of the rock&#39;s presence can be seen as a building material in many of the homes and on outcroppings in adjacent areas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area that is now the Ninth Avenue Historic District was inhabited by the Spokane people for centuries prior to American settlement.</p><br>
<p>A.M. Cannon, an early settler and developer in the Spokane area who arrived in 1878, platted the area west of Cedar Street to 10th Avenue in 1883. A decade later, during the Panic of 1893, Cannon lost all of his holdings, though his name remains prominent as it is in the official city neighborhood of Cliff/Cannon and on Cannon Street in the west of the district.</p><br>
<p>Most of the construction in the district took place in the years between Cannons plat in 1883 and 1920, with the most intense development occurring during the first decade of the 20th century. Spokanes population grew from roughly 30,000 people in 1900 to over 100,000 in 1910. It was during this decade that the city expanded from its original settlement location in what is now Downtown Spokane about a mile to the northeast of the district through Ninth Avenue and up the South Hill.</p><br>
<p>Development of residential areas for the elites of Spokane had been limited largely to the Brownes Addition neighborhood in the citys formative decades of the late 1800s, but by the turn of the century new development was needed to match the pace of population growth. Ninth Avenue, along with other historic districts like the adjacent Marycliff-Cliff Park Historic District and the Corbin Park Historic District on the north side of town, was a beneficiary of this boom. Numerous notable local architects including Loren L. Rand, Willis A. Ritchie, Cutter and Malmgren, Albert Held, John K. Dow, and Julius Zittel worked to design homes in the district.</p><br>
<p>Most of the grandest homes were built between 1905 and 1915 and housed some of Spokane&#39;s elite, including Mayor James Comstock, financier Alfred Coolidge, and businessman John Sengfelder — whose homes are each also listed on the Spokane Register of Historic Places. Another resident of the district, J. Grier Long, hosted then-President Theodore Roosevelt during a visit to Spokane in 1908. In addition to the wealthy elite of Spokane, the neighborhood housed numerous craftsmen and teachers, creating a varied socio-economic environment which persists to this day.</p><br>
<p>In the decades since the neighborhoods complete development, which ended in the early 1920s, there have been some changes to the historic district. Spokanes streetcar system was replaced with busses in 1936, though disused rails are still visible in some roads around the district. Many of the formerly single-family homes have been converted into multi-unit dwellings, and some homes have been demolished to make way for modern apartments or condominiums. In addition to being listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, portions of the district were listed on the local Spokane Register of Historic Places in 2023 as the Cannon Hill Streetcar Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Madison St. Bricks Ninth Ave.jpgBrick-paved street on Madison St. north of Ninth Ave.</p><br>
<p>Ninth Avenue House Madison St.jpgColonial Revival home at Ninth and Madison</p><br>
<p>1743 W 10th.jpgColonial Revival home converted to apartments at 10th and Oak</p><br>
<p>Womans Club.jpgWomans Club building, one of the few non-residential structures in the district</p><br>
<p>Ninth and Cedar.jpgColonial Revival apartments at Ninth and Cedar with modern incursion adjacent</p><br>
<p>The IBEW Building is a union hall in St. Louis, Missouri, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers  Local 1 continues to occupy the purpose-built building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1891, Henry Miller founded a national organization for electricians at a convention held in his house in St. Louis with the local union being the first to join. The Local 1 members continued to meet in rented facilities until 1928 when they purchased a former church in the Forest Park Southeast neighborhood. As the union grew and the membership increasingly drove cars in the 1950s, that space no longer met their needs for lack of parking.</p><br>
<p>In 1959, the organization hired the Bank Building and Equipment Corporation to build a new union hall, just as the firm was expanding to serve clients outside of banking. Perry Langston served as the architect of record but worked under the supervision of Wenceslao Sarmiento. The building was completed in 1960 and remodeled in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>In recent years, Local 1 continues to grow and is one of the largest unions in the St. Louis area. In addition to membership meetings, the union uses the hall for events and fundraisers.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Langston designed the two-story building in a mid-century modern International Style of architecture. The post-war materials used in construction include concrete, vinyl laminated concrete, steel, plate glass, and aluminum. The building is in The Hill neighborhood and the property is itself on a hillside. The front first floor is accessed from the street while the large parking lot provides direct access to the back second floor.</p><br>
<p>The front of the building is dominated by seven blue painted beams that create exaggerated vertical fins that continue past the parapet to rise above the roofline. This creates six bays and allows the curtain wall to visibly hang from the structure. Only the first floor has windows, but the rest of the face is covered in white concave panels. The building now has multicolor lights that change the color of the building at night to celebrate holidays or support causes.</p><br>
<p>The shorter back of the building mirrors the front with white panels in six bays, each with a double door to allow quick access to the parking lot. In contrast, the side elevations along the hill are clad in Roman brick. One side has an original sign reading “Electrical Workers" in a chrome finish.</p><br>
<p>For the interior, the lower main entrance contains imitation marble walls and a terrazzo floor featuring the logo of the union. Beyond that, the first floor has separate rooms including the reception area, hiring hall, leadership offices, and board room. In contrast, the upper floor consists of a single-span meeting hall that can accommodate 900 people with a stage and concession stand on the periphery.</p><br>
<p>The Glacier Park Womens Club is a womens club in East Glacier Park Village, Montana. Their clubhouse building, which is also known as the East Glacier Library and East Glacier Community Hall, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1920, a group of 23 women founded the organization to promote community service. Unlike most womens club of the time, it included a diverse mixture of members including Helene Dawson Edkins, a Blackfoot woman. Edkins later served as club president and as their representative to the General Federation of Womens Clubs of Montana.</p><br>
<p>In 1928, the group received the plot of land for the building from the Great Northern Railway. In 1934, Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Indian Division constructed the clubhouse, providing jobs to local members of the Blackfeet Nation. Because the CCC only built government buildings, the club was ineligible for that Depression era program. As a workaround, the group donated the land to Glacier County, who commissioned the building, and then deeded it back to the women after completion.</p><br>
<p>Since then, the club continues to serve as a club, library, meeting space and social center. It raises money through a combination of donations, a county stipend for housing the library, and hall rentals for events. With those funds, the group renovated the building in 2016 to replace rotting wood. The club coordinates a long-running Christmas bazaar and hosts a variety of community events.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The CCC constructed the one-story building with Rustic architecture, albeit on a smaller scale than their projects at nearby Glacier National Park. The exterior has bulky log walls with saddle-notched post-and-beam construction. The modern green metal roof has low overhanging eves with wood shingles on the gable ends. The front of the building has a hipped open porch with a sign reading "Glacier Park Women&#39;s Club Library" over the entrance.</p><br>
<p>The Isaac L. Rice Mansion  is a mansion on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City, United States. Located at 346 West 89th Street, at the corner with Riverside Drive, it was designed by Herts & Tallant. The house was built between 1901 and 1903 for the family of the businessman Isaac Rice and his wife Julia. Several further expansions in the 20th century, designed by C. P. H. Gilbert, Bloch & Hesse, and William Lazinsk, are similar in style to the original building. The Rice Mansion has served as a yeshiva since 1954 and is one of only two free-standing mansions extant on Riverside Drive. The house is a New York City designated landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The mansion was designed in a mixture of the Colonial Revival, Italianate, Georgian, and Beaux-Arts architectural styles. The brick and marble facade is four stories high, with an attic and basement; the house is surrounded by a marble perimeter wall. There is a double-height entrance arch along Riverside Drive. On 89th Street, the first two stories are curved outward and contain a porte-cochère and a carved bas relief panel. The building is topped by a hip roof, clad with Spanish tiles. The mansion&#39;s interior was decorated in classical architectural styles, and was designed to be soundproof. It was built with spaces such as a main hall, library, and dining room on the main floor; a chess room in the basement; and bedrooms on the upper stories. Although subsequent tenants have modified the interior spaces over the years, the house largely retains its original interior layout.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the 19th century, Isaac Rice and his wife Julia sought to erect a residence in a quiet part of New York City. The Rices bought the site at Riverside Drive and 89th Street in 1900 and hired Herts and Tallant as the house&#39;s architects. When the Rice family moved to the Ansonia Hotel in 1907, they sold it to the tobacconist Solomon Schinasi, whose family modified the house in 1908, 1912, and 1927. The Schinasi family lived there until around 1945, after which the Heckscher Foundation for Children leased it. Yeshiva Chofetz Chaim acquired the house in 1954. The yeshiva attempted to sell and demolish the mansion in the late 1970s, prompting a heated dispute with local preservationists. The house was taken over in 1988 by another Jewish day school, Yeshiva Ketana, which restored the house in the 1990s. There has been positive architectural commentary of the house over the years.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>The Isaac L. Rice Mansion is at 346 West 89th Street, at the southeast corner of Riverside Drive and 89th Street, on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. The house occupies an irregular plot with frontage of 148 ft wide on 89th Street to the north and 116 ft on Riverside Drive to the west; the plot extends 100 ft back from 89th Street.</p><br>
<p>The house was originally surrounded by a brick wall designed by Herts & Tallant, the mansions overall architect. The house is across from the Soldiers and Sailors Monument within Riverside Park to the west. Rice had specifically selected the site of his house because it faced the monument, and the mansions marble perimeter wall is designed similarly to the monument&#39;s balustrades. The Rice Mansion is also near the Normandy apartment building, which is two blocks to the south.</p><br>
<p>The house was one of several freestanding mansions that were built along Riverside Drive and Park in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, at a time when developers envisioned Riverside Drive as a rival to the millionaires&#39; row on Fifth Avenue. The plot immediately to the south was owned by the brewer George Ehret and the department store retailer Benjamin Altman in the late 19th century, neither of whom built their houses there. Immediately to the north was a house belonging to Elizabeth Clark (whose family owned the Dakota apartment building). By the early 21st century, the Rice Mansion was one of two remaining freestanding mansions on Riverside Drive, along with the Schinasi Mansion. The Rice Mansion was also the only mansion on the avenue that retained some of its original gardens; the other mansions had mostly been replaced with apartment buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Isaac L. Rice Mansion was designed for the businessman and lawyer Isaac L. Rice by Herts & Tallant, who were known for designing Broadway theaters such as the New Amsterdam, Liberty, and Lyceum. The mansion was designed in a mix of the Colonial Revival, Italianate, and Georgian styles, Local news sources in the early 20th century compared the house to an Italian villa or a Swiss chalet. C. P. H. Gilbert designed an annex in 1908 and a marble perimeter wall in 1912, All of these additions were designed in a similar style to Herts & Tallant&#39;s original mansion. The building is four stories high with an attic and a basement.</p><br>
<h3>Facade</h3><br>
<p>The facade is made of brick and marble. The use of brick in the facade was common among neo-Georgian buildings, whereas the marble details were intended to be reminiscent of the Beaux-Arts style. Marble was used for the stairs, gardens, terraces, and archway.</p><br>
<h4>Riverside Drive</h4><br>
<p>The primary elevation of the mansion&#39;s facade faces west toward Riverside Drive and is divided vertically into three bays. the current staircase has ten steps.</p><br>
<p>The Riverside Drive entrance is a double-height arch, which rises to the third story. The archway is similar to the New Amsterdam Theatre&#39;s original archway, which the firm also designed. The lower portion of the arch is flanked by a pair of engaged columns in the Tuscan order. Within the arch, the walls are faced in marble. The arch has a second-story doorway topped by a pediment and a double window. The upper portion of the arch is outlined by a string course with modillions. A keystone shaped like a console bracket is placed at the very top of the arch. On either side of the arched doorway, the second story forms a piano nobile flanked by Tuscan or Doric engaged columns. Miniature balustrades with stone panels are placed in front of the entrance. Above the story is an entablature with modillions, which is interrupted by the archway. The third-story windows have flat lintels influenced by English architecture. String courses run horizontally across the facade at the third and fourth stories as well.</p><br>
<h4>Other elevations</h4><br>
<p>On 89th Street, the first two stories are curved outward from the rest of the building and are clad with marble. At ground level, there is a porte-cochère for vehicles, which is composed of two segmental arches leading to a ground-floor entrance. Each arch is topped by a keystone. Between the arches of the porte-cochère is a carved bas relief panel depicting six children, who likely represent the Rices&#39; sons and daughters. The sculpture is attributed to Louis St. Lannes (or Lanne), who also designed a statue outside the Rice Memorial Stadium in Pelham Bay Park. The second story consists of windows with Doric engaged columns on either side, above which is an entablature with modillions. There is another porte-cochère on 89th Street, which is attached to the house; the one-story structure fits two cars and was designed by Bloch and Hesse in 1927.</p><br>
<p>The rest of the original facade is made of brick and is topped by a cornice with modillions and escutcheons. A hip roof, clad with Spanish tiles, overhangs the cornice. The north side of the roof has a skylight. The western and eastern sides of the roof each have three dormer windows that illuminate the attic, while the southern side has a single dormer. The house was originally constructed with four chimneys, two each to the west and east. There is also a brick elevator shaft to the east.</p><br>
<p>At the southeast corner is a two-story annex designed by Gilbert in 1908. This annex is attached to the original mansion&#39;s eastern wall, which has very little ornamentation. Gilbert also added a semicircular bay to the southern elevation, similar to the design of the original mansion. The semicircular bay contains windows flanked by Doric engaged columns, as well as an entablature above the second story. The southern elevation additionally includes a two-story arched entrance, which is similar to the design of the Riverside Drive arch. The southern arch is topped by a keystone, with three windows above.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Isaac Rice and his wife Julia Barnett Rice had wanted the house to be soundproof because their six children (Muriel, Dorothy, Isaac Leopold Jr., Marion, Marjorie, and Julian) were loud. The mansion&#39;s interior was decorated in classical architectural styles, with marble fireplaces, wooden ceilings, stained glass windows, and a marble staircase. Many of the original fireplace mantels also remain,</p><br>
<p>The main hall measures 35 by. South of the main hall was the dining room, which had wood paneling relocated from the St. Louis World&#39;s Fair. One source from 1907 described it as "one of the handsomest rooms in the house", with 40 types of wood used in the ceiling and walls.</p><br>
<p>In the basement was a chess room where Isaac Rice often arranged matches with competitors abroad. Designed in the Arts and Crafts style, the chess room was a double-height space measuring 22 by, with space for six tables. The room had a ventilation system, and it was soundproofed so Isaac could concentrate during matches. Other features of the house included wine vaults, billiards rooms, a fitness room, a studio, an infirmary room, and a garage that could fit several vehicles. The fourth floor contained a gymnasium for the Rice children.</p><br>
<p>The house&#39;s original staircase was made of wood; this was replaced in 1908 by an iron-and-marble stairway, designed by Gilbert in the Italianate style. The lower part of the staircase has a marble balustrade with coats of arms and rosettes. On the upper stories, the staircase has an iron balustrade with rosettes, as well as landings with protruding balconies. The upper stories were used as bedrooms. Each of the Rice children designed their bedrooms according to their own tastes; for example, Isaac Jr. and Julian decorated their respective rooms with machinery. On the fourth floor, there is a room with a plaster ceiling that contains moldings, a frieze, and geometric motifs.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Use as residence</h3><br>
<p>At the end of the 19th century, Isaac and Julia sought to erect a residence in a quiet part of New York City, away from Broadway. The Rices initially obtained a 75 by site at 88th Street and Riverside Drive from Egbert Viele, paying $125,000 for that site in June 1899. Isaac Rice was reportedly convinced to buy the neighboring plot to the north at 89th Street, while observing a parade from the roof of Viele&#39;s house. In October, the Rices bought the site to the north for $225,000 The Real Estate Record and Guide predicted that the mansion would be "another handsome dwelling in an avenue which, during the year, has sprung into architectural and social fame".</p><br>
<h4>Rice ownership</h4><br>
<p>Herts and Tallant submitted blueprints for a four-to-five-story brick-and-stone mansion to the New York City Department of Buildings in August 1900. The original plans called for the mansion to occupy the center of its site. The Building & Sanitary Inspection Company was given the contract for the plumbing and ventilation. Herts & Tallant submitted updated plans for the mansion in August 1901. The house was relocated eastward so its main facade would be on Riverside Drive; this allowed the house&#39;s architecture to complement the adjoining row houses on 89th Street.</p><br>
<p>By the end of 1902, the house was nearly complete. The Rices perimeter fence protruded several feet onto the sidewalk along both Riverside Drive and 89th Street, though Rice had obtained the city governments permission to erect the fence. He sometimes hosted chess matches at the house, such as college tournaments and at least one international collegiate match conducted by cablegram.</p><br>
<p>Isaac Rice rehired Herts & Tallant in 1906 to design a one-story annex at a cost of $25,000. By the mid-1900s, Julia Rice was annoyed at the frequent noises made by the tugboats on the Hudson River near the house, claiming the noise made it impossible for Riverside Drive residents to sleep. After a student counted almost 3,000 horn blasts near the house in a single night, Julia established the Society for the Suppression of Unnecessary Noise at the house in early 1907. Tugboat operators protested outside her house, after government officials received complaints from several neighbors. Though Rice argued that other Riverside Drive residences had taller fences, he was ordered to demolish his perimeter wall in January 1907; litigation over the wall continued for months.</p><br>
<h4>Schinasi ownership</h4><br>
<p>In 1907, the Rice family decided to move to the Ansonia Hotel. the fact that the Rices spent much of their time elsewhere, Julia also cited noise from the New York Central Railroads West Side Line as the reason for her decision to move to the Ansonia. The tobacconist Solomon Schinasi, whose brother Morris was developing the Schinasi Mansion further north, bought the Rice Mansion in December 1907 for $600,000. Schinasi had reportedly not even considered buying the Rice Mansion until shortly before his purchase was finalized. A judge ruled the same month that the mansions perimeter wall had to be removed.</p><br>
<p>In April 1908, C. P. H. Gilbert submitted plans to the New York City Department of Buildings for the construction of a three-story extension, which was to cost $38,000. The work involved removing the main stairway and elevator to make way for a new entrance. The W. L. Crow Construction Company was hired as the general contractor for the annexs construction, while D. S. Hess & Co. was given the contract for the interior decorations. Meanwhile, the citys park commissioner initially refrained from demolishing the Rice Mansions perimeter wall, as he was awaiting the outcome of another lawsuit involving the removal of sidewalk obstructions. The second lawsuit was decided in the park commissioners favor in June 1911, and the wall was demolished shortly thereafter. and Bunn and Nase were hired to build the wall.</p><br>
<p>Solomon Schinasi lived in the house until 1919, when he died there of heart disease. Leon and Nellie continued to live there. and Ruby is recorded as having moved to the house; she also kicked Nellie out. who continued to live there with their two children. By 1935, the general costs of the mansion amounted to $35,000 annually. In 1940, a New York Surrogates Court judge authorized Ruby to spend $2,000 to redecorate her daughters bedroom inside the house.</p><br>
<p>The Schinasi family continued to live in the house until around 1945, A New York Times article from 1946 described the house as hosting rehearsals twice a week, in addition to dance rehearsals and "other forms of welfare work".</p><br>
<h3>Use as yeshiva</h3><br>
<h4>Yeshiva Chofetz Chaim ownership</h4><br>
<p>Yeshiva Chofetz Chaim, a yeshiva for Orthodox Jewish students, acquired the house in June 1954 at an assessed price of $300,000. The yeshiva had originally been the Radin Yeshiva, which had relocated from Poland after World War II. Chofetz Chaim had moved into the house by the end of the year, using the mansion as a school while retaining the house&#39;s original decorations.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, Yeshiva Chofetz Chaim indicated that it wanted to sell the Rice Mansion because it was too small for the school and too expensive to maintain. The yeshiva&#39;s dean, Emerich Feigelstock, said the school needed money and that a developer might offer $1.5 million to $2.5 million. The LPC held a hearing on the mansion that month, amid continuing disputes over the mansion. Feigelstock maintained that the building had no historical or architectural importance because Rice was unknown to him. The LPC designated the Rice Mansion as a landmark in February 1980.</p><br>
<p>The LPCs designation had to be approved by the New York City Board of Estimate, and Jewish groups and local residents continued to debate it acrimoniously. while supporters did not want the house to be demolished. New York Times architectural critic Paul Goldberger said the residents reasons for saving the mansion were inherently selfish in nature. The building was also placed on the New York State Register of Historic Places and the National Register of Historic Places, and the offer to buy the mansion was withdrawn. which was designated as a city historic district three years later.</p><br>
<h4>Yeshiva Ketana ownership</h4><br>
<p>The house was taken over in 1988 by another Jewish day school, Yeshiva Ketana, which had 200 students. The yeshiva began raising money for repairs to the Rice Mansion, including a $250,000 renovation of the roof, which was partly funded by a private grant. The school had difficulty raising money for other repairs, including the construction of a second staircase to four rooms on the roof, so it requested assistance from the local preservation group Landmark West. The roof caught fire in December 1997, shortly after its renovation was completed; though the upper stories were severely damaged, the roof repairs were delayed until the end of the school year. Because the house was a designated city landmark, the New York Landmarks Conservancy and other local groups provided funding to restore the damaged roof.</p><br>
<p>In 1999, Yeshiva Ketana proposed converting the house&#39;s dust-filled yard into a playground, but local residents opposed the plan. The house was still known as the Rice Mansion or the Rice House. The New York Times described the house in 2005 as dilapidated, with cracks in the masonry; damaged or missing copper decorations; and a yard filled with dust that blew into nearby houses. Yeshiva Ketana continued to occupy the building in the 2020s.</p><br>
<h2>Reception</h2><br>
<p>Upon the houses completion, the Democrat and Chronicle called the house "one of the finest houses in New York, both in its exterior aspect and its interior arrangement". When the building was designated as a landmark in 1980, Paul Goldberger wrote that the Rice Mansion was "a handsome freestanding mansion, mixing the beaux arts and neo-Georgian styles in the eclectic manner", in a manner akin to the Andrew Carnegie Mansion on the Upper East Side. Goldberger also wrote that the house was "at once grand and pleasantly eccentric", especially considering the design of its porte-cochere. A writer for the SoHo News write that the houses Riverside Drive facade augmented the avenue because it faced the Soldiers and Sailors Monument, while the 89th Street elevation inspired the design of the adjacent row houses. Christopher Gray, another architectural historian, said the house was "superior to many" existing city-designated landmarks.</p><br>
<p>The YMCA Sign is a neon sign in front of the YMCA in downtown Fargo, North Dakota. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Starting in 1959, fundraising began to build the Fargo-Moorhead Family YMCA and contributions totaled $1.2 million. This was the first time over a million dollars had been donated for a project in the history of Fargo. The new branch opened in 1962 with 801 members.</p><br>
<p>The Cook Sign Company constructed the sign in 1962, just after the building opened. In the subsequent years, Cook increasingly shifted toward producing similar electric signs because the 1965 Highway Beautification Act sharply reduced their sale of billboards. The local Fargo business lasted much longer than most signage companies, operating from 1897 to 2009.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the YMCA of Cass and Clay Counties changed the name of the branch to the "Fercho Family YMCA". This honored Dr. Cal and Doris Fercho, two long-term benefactors.</p><br>
<p>In 2022, the national YMCA issued new branding guidelines to chapters which disallowed leaving up any exceptions. In order to preserve the non-conforming sign, the local YMCA successfully applied for listing it on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The aluminum sign is representative of 1960s Americana and consists of a "Y" on a post. The serif font letter is 16 feet wide and 18 feet tall. The sides are cherry red, the faces are white, and a neon tubing runs along the edges.</p><br>
<p>The Southern Railway Building is a historic office building located in Washington, D.C., United States. It was built in 19281929 by local architect Waddy Butler Wood as the executive headquarters for the Southern Railway. The eleven-story building was designed in the Stripped Classical style with early Art Deco elements, and was constructed with a frame of steel and concrete fronted with limestone and set on a granite base. The site functioned as the railway&#39;s headquarters until 1982, when the company merged with the Norfolk and Western Railway. The newly-formed Norfolk Southern Railway moved its headquarters to Norfolk, Virginia, and the Southern Railway Building became privately owned with multiple tenants. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites in 2016. It is also a contributing property to the Financial Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Southern Railway Building was constructed with a frame of steel and concrete and faced with limestone, resting on a low granite foundation. The building was designed in a pared down version of Classical Revival, and is separated vertically into a column of three parts: a primary massing of eight stories consisting of a three-story base and five-story shaft, topped by a temple-like setback capital of three stories. The building stands 130 ft tall, and its primary 13-bay façade stretches 217 ft on 15th Street facing McPherson Square. That elevation includes a three-bay recessed entrance of double bronze doors surrounded by a bronze frame and grills and the words "SOUTHERN RAILWAY" in stylized capital letters.</p><br>
<p>The primary feature of the buildings shaft are pilasters of the giant order that span the structures four middle floors. Above those, the punched windows of the eighth floor act as a cornice before the three-floor setback. That section, which extends the buildings height to the citys 130 ft maximum, is separated in its appearance from the rest of the building and includes Doric pilasters flanked by pairs of columns. The overall effect is one of a temple sitting on a base. The building&#39;s 11-bay north elevation is similar to that of the east, though there are no pairs of columns on either side of the setback. A 1995 renovation to the building saw three central entrances cut into the ground floor on the north façade; while the doors themselves are modern, the bronze frames and spandrels from the previously existing windows were retained.</p><br>
<p>Professional offices occupy the majority of the building&#39;s floors. Street-front entrances provide access to retail space on the ground floor, and the offices are reached via an elevator bank located inside a two-story, marble-lined lobby. A penthouse contains the former offices of the president of the Southern Railway, which included its original fireplace and mantel.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Southern Railway was created in 1894 when railroad financiers J.P. Morgan & Co. oversaw the reorganization of two struggling lines, the Richmond & Danville and the East Tennessee, Virginia, and Georgia. The new company retained the Washington, D.C. headquarters building of the Richmond & Danville, located at the intersection of 13th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. That building, built in 1871 in the Second Empire style, was destroyed by a fire in 1916, and the company built a new structure on the same site.</p><br>
<p>In 1926, the federal government passed the Public Buildings Act, authorizing the funds necessary to purchase properties along Pennsylvania Avenue for the purpose of constructing government offices. It was later recommended that the 1916 Southern Railway Building which one USA congressman called "about the worst looking building on the Avenue" be included in the project. Southern Railway, which at the time employed 2,200 people in the building, considered moving their headquarters out of Washington should the sale occur. Despite the government&#39;s acquisition of the property in 1928, Southern Railway decided to purchase an 11-parcel site at 15th and K Streets for over $1.6 million. While its executive offices remained in D.C., Southern Railway did move its accounting department to Atlanta, Georgia, which resulted in less than half of its previous Washington-based workforce staying in the city.</p><br>
<p>The company succeeded in having the building height limit at their new site raised from 90 ft to 110 ft. A setback on top of the building permitted by the city&#39;s zoning laws brought its eventual height to 130 ft.</p><br>
<p>As part of the buildings construction, decorative elements including a fireplace mantel and wall paneling were removed from the William Aiken House in Charleston, South Carolina and installed in the top floor executive offices of the Southern Railway Building. The company had come into possession of the house in 1899 when it acquired the South Carolina Canal and Railroad Company of which William Aiken Sr. had been the first president and used it as its base of operations in Charleston. When Southern Railway donated the Aiken House to the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 1978, the presentation was held in the D.C. buildings executive offices. Southern Railway president L. Stanley Crane remarked that it was "particularly appropriate that the presentation be made in this room, which was once part of the Aiken House."</p><br>
<p>The building served as the executive headquarters for the Southern Railway until 1982, when the company merged with the Roanoke, Virginia-based Norfolk and Western Railway. The two-year, $50 million renovation added over 20,000 ft&sup2; of office space to the facility. A second renovation occurred in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Peaceful Valley Historic District is a National Register of Historic Places-listed historic district in the Peaceful Valley neighborhood of Spokane, Washington. It is located in the western half of the neighborhood, along the floor and southern slope of the Spokane River Gorge, immediately south of the Spokane River and downhill, just below Downtown Spokane. It is centered on the intersection of Main Avenue and Maple Street, stretching from there approximately two blocks in each direction.</p><br>
<p>A residential area, Peaceful Valley was one of the first areas developed in the City of Spokane and was deemed historically significant as an intact example of a working-class neighborhood from the turn of the 20th century. Unlike many other historic districts around the city and state, Peaceful Valley does not represent the moneyed-elite whose grand homes and buildings have been preserved but rather homes of the working class laborers who helped built Spokane throughout its early decades.</p><br>
<p>Located in a steep valley just downstream of Spokane Falls and immediately below the city center which lies on the flat land at the top of the valley to the south and east. This location, isolated by the river and deep gorge, have helped preserve Peaceful Valley&#39;s architectural character into the 21st century, though some construction projects such as the Maple Street Bridge which was constructed over the area in the late 1950s have slightly altered the appearance in places, though not the overall cohesion, of the district.</p><br>
<h2>Setting</h2><br>
<p>The Peaceful Valley Historic District is located in the Peaceful Valley neighborhood, immediately west and north of Downtown Spokane. The Spokane River runs immediately to the north of the historic district as it cuts a deep gorge flowing west from the Spokane Falls just upstream. The river is at approximately 1,740 feet above sea level as it flows through this portion of the gorge, with the surrounding land at the top of the gorge at approximately 1,880 feet above sea level. The valley from crest to crest is about one-half mile wide here, with areas immediately up and downstream being even thinner. The southern portion of the historic district, around Wilson, Clarke and the eastern portion of Main Avenue sits above the northern portion of the district which lies along the floodplain of the river.</p><br>
<p>Due to the constraints of the terrain, there are only two roads leading into the historic district. Main Avenue connects to the center of Downtown Spokane from the east while Clarke Avenue runs west into the rest of the Peaceful Valley neighborhood and provides access to the adjacent West Hills and Browne&#39;s Addition neighborhoods. Just west of that staircase, the Maple Street Bridge crosses over the gorge right through the heart of the district, connecting Downtown and the rest of the south side of the city with the West Central neighborhood and the rest of the north side.</p><br>
<p>There are two public parks located in the historic district. Redband Park, formerly known as Glover Field, is located in the northeastern most corner of the district, and Peaceful Valley Park occupies the land directly underneath the Maple Street Bridge from Wilson Avenue in the south to the river in the north.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>What is now the Peaceful Valley Historic District was for centuries part of the traditional lands of the Spokane people. Its proximity to Spokane Falls made it an ideal location for salmon fishing for not only the Spokane but also other tribes from around the region.</p><br>
<p>The earliest white settlers in the area began to arrive after Spokane was incorporated in 1881. Originally a hard-scrabble neighborhood known as Poverty Flat, separated from the wealthy Browne&#39;s Addition and bustling central business district by the steep bluffs. Early maps of the city, such as one from 1884, depict no structures in the area, though it would become home to squatters and people living in simple shacks. An 1891 story in the Spokane Falls Review announced plans to clear squatters from the area:</p><br>
<p>This action came after the neighborhood was platted in November 1890 and lots began to sell. Real estate developer C.F. Clough platted lots into 25-by-100 foot rectangles. Lots began to sell, but in order to accelerate development, Clough renamed the area Peaceful Valley to distance itself from the previous Poverty Flat moniker. The name was borrowed from an 1893 play of the same name by Edward E. Kidder. Despite the name change, development remained slow due to the Panic of 1893.</p><br>
<p>Development came to the neighborhood in earnest once the economy began to recover in the late 1890s. Many of the earliest residents of Peaceful Valley were immigrants from northern European countries drawn to Spokane for work as laborers. The city was undergoing a population boom and needed to rebuild from the Great Spokane Fire that destroyed the downtown area. The rebuild was necessitated by the booming population of the city, which allowed it to persist despite the financial crisis. This gave these laborers the means to eventually purchase lots and build in Peaceful Valley. These early residents were largely from Finland, Sweden and Germany. The Finns presence was especially felt in the early days due to the Finnish Social Hall built about a block west of the current district boundaries and the multiple saunas constructed around the district.</p><br>
<p>Construction took off around the turn of the century. By 1910, homes had been built upon most lots in the district. They were mostly simple, one-to-two story wooden homes. Other styles in the district were "row cabins" consisting of one-room dwellings connected to form a long building, meant for seasonal workers. There were also a few commercial buildings, notably the Spokane Casket Company between Water Avenue and the Spokane River in the northwest corner of the district. Other commercial businesses included grocers, butcheries, barbers, saloons and laundries, as the steep surrounding terrain isolated the neighborhood and necessitated having those services in the area. Connectivity with downtown improved in 1911 when Main Avenue was given a more moderate grade after construction of the Monroe Street Bridge.</p><br>
<p>The isolating terrain necessitated a steep walk to and from school for neighborhood children, who were forced to walk up paths, and later stairs, to attend school in the Brownes Addition neighborhood above. Things began to change for the children in 1915 when residents, led by Mrs. George Holley, petitioned the school board to build a school in the area by claiming the arduous walk through snow and rain was a danger to the childrens&#39; health. Cowley School opened at Clarke and Maple in 1917 and would operate until 1930 when it closed due to lack of students.</p><br>
<p>Starting in 1912 when the city purchased the land, and continuing until 1925, Glover Field, now known as Redband Park, was home to a stadium that hosted sporting events, fairs and festivals. The stadium&#39;s bleachers were condemned in 1925, though the field would continue to serve its original purpose. In 1925 and 1926, the park hosted the National Indian Congress.</p><br>
<p>As original residents aged from the 1920s through the 1940s, the character of the neighborhood changed slightly. Some homes were converted into apartments, and an increasing population of widows began bringing in renters to help make ends meet. The Northern European ethnic influence began to wane in this period, and the Finnish Social Hall was demolished in 1942.</p><br>
<p>The greatest upheaval to the state of the neighborhood came in the 1950s with the arrival of the Maple Street Bridge. Construction of the support piers under the bridge necessitated the demolition of entire blocks of homes along Maple Street. Initially after the construction, the empty land below the bridge was left vacant and became an eyesore for the neighborhood where plants would not grow and trash accumulated. The land would eventually be converted into a park, though not until the mid-1980s.</p><br>
<p>While the neighborhood retained its working class character over the decades, in the 1960s and 1970s it also began to attract artists and Bohemian types attracted by the low rents and the history of maverick residents dating back to its early labor days. In 1972, a Spokane chapter of the Youth International Party was established with its headquarters in Peaceful Valley. By 1984, the area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).</p><br>
<p>In the years since its listing on the NRHP, the area has retained much of its original historical integrity and character, but continued changes have come as well. As Spokane saw its population begin to grow again during the latter years of the 20th century and into the first decades of the 21st century, development projects in Peaceful Valley have impacted the visual appearance of the neighborhood. The neighborhood was featured in the 1992 film Benny and Joon, specifically the house at 301 N. Cedar Street. Some newer apartments and condominiums have been built in the area, and the neighborhood has been under repeated threat from developers proposing larger-scale projects either within the district or on the hillside directly above, which has led to repeated pushback from residents of the community.</p><br>
<p>Homes Under Maple PV.jpgHistoric homes with the Maple Street Bridge above</p><br>
<p>Wilson Ave under Maple PV.jpgHistoric homes in the shadow of the bridge</p><br>
<p>Clarke Ave PV.jpgHomes typical of the district on Clarke Avenue</p><br>
<p>Brick House PV.jpgRare home constructed of bricks in the district</p><br>
<p>Wilson Ave Incursions PV.jpgNon-historic homes on thin lots</p><br>
<p>Cedar Homes w-Incursion.jpgHistoric homes showing proximity to Downtown</p><br>
<p>The Bowne Station Road stone arch bridge over tributary of the Alexauken Creek is located in the Bowne section of Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. It is on the boundary between Delaware Township and East Amwell Township. Built in 1837, the stone arch bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 2024, for its significance in engineering and transportation. It was listed as part of the Historic Bridges of Delaware Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>The bridge was originally built in 1837, as noted by the datestone in the east parapet wall. Sandstone from the underlying Stockton Formation was used in its construction. It was widened in 1938, with a new west parapet wall and barrel vault. The area is named after Dr. John Bowne (1767–1857) who lived nearby. In 1854, the Flemington Railroad and Transportation Company built a railroad between Flemington and Lambertville, with a station located here, known as Bowne Station.</p><br>
<p>Washington Apartments is an apartment building located at 927 South Washington Avenue in Lansing, Michigan. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2024.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Washington Apartments were constructed in 1922 to house factory workers from the nearby Reo Motor Car Company Plant. It was one of the largest residential apartment buildings constructed in Lansing during this period in the early 20th century. The building was funded by developer Lewis F. Breitenwischer, who had previously constructed apartment buildings in the area. Breitenwischer commissioned local architect Judson N. Churchill to design the building and hired Reniger Construction Company to build it. Construction began in ate 1922 and the apartment building was completed in 1923.</p><br>
<p>With the onset of the Great Depression, Breitenwischer defaulted on his mortgage bonds, and in 1932 the building was transferred to new management. In 1944 the building was sold to the Lansing Washington Apartments, Inc.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Washington Apartments are a six-story Colonial Revival rectangular brick building with a flat asphalt roof. The front facade of the building contains three projecting bays; the main entrance is located in the central bay. An ornate painted wooden entryway surrounds the entrance doors. Each floor of the building contains double hung windows of varying sizes throughout. The building retains its original appearance with only minor modifications.</p><br>
<p>The Raven Rock Road Bridge is a historic Pratt thru truss bridge that carries Rosemont-Raven Rock Road over Lockatong Creek in the Raven Rock section of Delaware Township in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. Built in 1878 by the Lambertville Iron Works, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 4, 2016, for its significance in engineering and transportation. It was listed as part of the Historic Bridges of Delaware Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>The 129 foot long single-span bridge was constructed with cast and wrought iron. It features the use of patented Phoenix Iron Company round riveted columns. According to the nomination form, it is the earliest use of this technology on state highways.</p><br>
<p>The Red Men Hall is a historic clubhouse in Lagro, Indiana completed in 1911. The National Register of Historic Places listed the building in 2020.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Improved Order of Red Men is a fraternal organization that established a Lagro chapter or "tribe" in 1888 and named it after the Tonkawa people. The group&#39;s rituals are based on perceived Native American customs.</p><br>
<p>As of 1904, the local group had 41 members and, by 1911, was large enough to fund construction of a lodge building, called a "wigwam".</p><br>
<p>However, by 1948, the declining lodge surrendered its charter.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in 2017, the volunteer-based Lagro Canal Foundation has gradually rehabbed the building by replacing the roof, restoring the facade, and removing debris from the interior. The group plans for historic preservation to encourage economic redevelopment.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The 1911 building reflects both vernacular and early commercial architectural styles. The two-story structure consists of a street-level storefront while the second level contains a meeting room for the lodge. The building shares a common wall with the Masonic Temple, forming a commercial block. The facade of the building is brick with three bays and an inlaid "IORM" detail. When the front facade was repointed in 2020, the locally sourced bricks were found to be a non-standard size, so replacements bricks were repurposed from the hidden side wall.</p><br>
<p>The Masonic Temple is a historic clubhouse in Lagro, Indiana completed in 1913. The National Register of Historic Places listed the masonic temple in 2020.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On May 26, 1853, the Free and Accepted Masons chartered the Tuscan Lodge No. 143. In 1913, the group built a dedicated meeting space that would also provide rental income from retail businesses: the Citizens State Bank and the Lagro Hardware Company. Eventually, the hardware store closed in 1970 and the lodge disbanded in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Beginning in 2017, the volunteer-based Lagro Canal Foundation gradually rehabbed the building by recovering the roof, fixing the drainage, repointing the facade, and replacing exterior lighting. The group plans for historic preservation to encourage economic redevelopment. In 2021, the Wabash River Trail built a pavilion, firepit, and restrooms across from the building.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The 1913 building reflects both early commercial and classical revival architectural styles. The two-story structure consists of a street-level storefront: the former bank on the left and the hardware store on the right. The second level contains a one-bedroom apartment and meeting room for the lodge. The building shares a common wall with the Red Men Hall, forming a commercial block.</p><br>
<p>The brick facade has a cornice with dentil detailing along the roof. Each window is framed with limestone lintels and windowsills. An inlaid panel includes the Masonic square and compasses symbol. The former bank side has limestone Tuscan order pillars rising to a bulkhead with carved letters reading "19 Citizens State Bank 13". In contrast, the former hardware storefront is relatively simple.</p><br>
<p>The Strimple&#39;s Mill Road Bridge over Lockatong Creek is a historic Pratt thru truss bridge located in Delaware Township of Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. Built in 1897 by the Wrought Iron Bridge Company of Canton, Ohio, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 4, 2016, for its significance in engineering. It was listed as part of the Historic Bridges of Delaware Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>The 93 foot long single-span pin-connected wrought iron bridge crosses the Lockatong Creek in the northwest corner of the township. According to the nomination form, the bridge features details such as a "crow’s foot" vertical hanger and “reversed” vertical hangers.</p><br>
<p>The Van Horn–Newcomb House is located at 303 Tenafly Road in the city of Englewood in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. The historic stone house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 24, 1984, for its significance in architecture and exploration/settlement. It was listed as part of the Early Stone Houses of Bergen County Multiple Property Submission . According to the nomination form, the roughly cut sandstone house may have been built by a member of the Durie family. The 1861 Hopkins–Corey map lists D. Van Horn living here.</p><br>
<p>The Stone Sign Post Road Bridge over Plum Brook is a historic Warren truss bridge located in Delaware Township in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. Built in 1903 by John W. Scott of Flemington, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 4, 2016, for its significance in engineering. It was listed as part of the Historic Bridges of Delaware Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>The 26 foot long single-span bridge crosses Plum Brook, a tributary of the Wickecheoke Creek, which flows into the Delaware River at Prallsville. According to the nomination form, it is a distinct modification of a traditional Warren truss bridge. Scott also built the nearby Peck&#39;s Ferry Bridge, which also crosses Plum Brook.</p><br>
<p>The Peck&#39;s Ferry Bridge is a historic Warren truss bridge that carries Locktown-Flemington Road over Plum Brook in Delaware Township of Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. Built in 1900 by John W. Scott of Flemington, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 12, 1999, for its significance in engineering. It was reconstructed in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The 29 foot long single-span bridge crosses Plum Brook, a tributary of the Wickecheoke Creek, which flows into the Delaware River at Prallsville. According to the nomination form, it is a modified Warren truss bridge. Scott also built the nearby Stone Sign Post Road Bridge over Plum Brook.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>UC Davis was originally established in 1905 as the University Farm for the University of California, focusing primarily on teaching known agricultural methods for practical purposes. In 1926, Dr. George H. Hart was appointed head of the Division of Animal Husbandry, where he shifted the focus of the University to agricultural research. Hart recognized that a larger building was required for his plans of a research based Animal Husbandry department, and in 1928 the Animal Science Building was built by the K. E. Parker Company.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by William Charles Hays, the supervising architect for the Davis campus in a Spanish Revival style. It is a roughly U-Shaped "pinkish-beige" building made of reinforced concrete, and is located on a corner of the UC Davis Quad.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the building was renamed to George Hart Hall.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, an application prepared by Robin Elisabeth Datel was filed to include the building on the National Register of Historic Places. Despite objections from then chancellor James H. Meyer, the building was listed on June 17, 1986.</p><br>
<p>In 1992, Hart Hall finished an $8.9 million renovation to prepare for it being used by social science programs.</p><br>
<p>Since the relocation of the Animal Science department, Hart Hall has housed various humanities departments, as well as the Gorman Museum of Native American Art from 1992 until moving to a new location in 2023.</p><br>
<p>The Palatine Road Brige is a historic stone arch bridge that carries Palatine Road over a minor tributary of the Lamington River in Tewksbury Township of Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. Built in 1900 by George Schuyler, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 2002, for its significance in engineering and transportation. It was listed as part of the Historic Bridges of Tewksbury Township, Hunterdon County, New Jersey Multiple Property Submission .</p><br>
<p>The 22 foot long single-arch rubble stone bridge is located near the intersection of Palatine Road with Homestead Road and Cold Spring Road. According to the nomination form, the county has over 100 surviving stone arch bridges, the largest concentration in North America.</p><br>
